Since May 2023, the northeastern Indian state of Manipur has been engulfed in severe ethnic violence between the majority Meitei community and the minority Kuki-Zo tribes. This conflict has resulted in over 250 fatalities and displaced at least 60,000 individuals, leading to a profound humanitarian crisis.
Origins and Escalation of the Conflict
The unrest began on May 3, 2023, following a protest by tribal communities opposing the Meitei’s demand for Scheduled Tribe (ST) status, which would grant them certain affirmative action benefits. The situation rapidly escalated into widespread violence, with both Meitei and Kuki-Zo groups engaging in arson, vandalism, and armed confrontations.
Humanitarian Impact
The violence has led to the displacement of tens of thousands of people, many of whom are now living in squalid relief camps with inadequate access to necessities. The prolonged nature of the conflict has exacerbated the humanitarian situation, with displaced individuals facing uncertain futures.
apnews.com
Recent Developments
Influx of Militants: In September 2024, intelligence reports indicated an influx of approximately 900 suspected Kuki militants from Myanmar into Manipur, further complicating the security situation.
Technological Challenges: Reports have emerged of smuggled Starlink satellite devices being used to circumvent government-imposed internet shutdowns in the region, highlighting the complexities in controlling information flow during the conflict.
Government Response: Manipur’s Chief Minister, N. Biren Singh, publicly apologized for the ongoing ethnic unrest and expressed hopes for reconciliation and peace in the coming year.
reuters.com
Current Situation
As of March 2025, Manipur remains deeply divided along ethnic lines, with minimal progress toward reconciliation. The enduring tensions continue to hinder peace efforts, and the displaced populations face ongoing hardships.
