India has recently taken steps to boost reservoir holding capacity at two hydroelectric projects in Jammu and Kashmir, signaling a shift in its approach to water management in the region. This move comes after India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty following a terrorist attack in Pahalgam that claimed the lives of 26 tourists.
The Indus Waters Treaty, signed in 1960, governs the use of the Indus River and its tributaries between India and Pakistan. It ensures water supply to 80% of Pakistani farms but has now been suspended by India in response to the Pahalgam attack. In addition to suspending the treaty, India has also reduced water flow through the Baglihar Dam on the Chenab River leading to Pakistan, with plans to implement similar measures at the Kishanganga Dam on the Jhelum River.
The reservoir flushing process, aimed at removing sediment build-up, began at the Salal and Baglihar projects for the first time since their construction in 1987 and 2008, respectively. This process was carried out by India’s largest hydropower company, NHPC Ltd, and local authorities in Jammu and Kashmir. While this particular operation may not immediately impact water supply to Pakistan, it could have repercussions if other Indian projects follow suit.
The flushing of hydropower projects is a necessary but rare procedure that involves nearly emptying a reservoir to remove sediment that can affect power generation. The sources involved in the operation stated that the Salal project has been delivering power below its capacity due to a lack of flushing in the past.
Pakistan, which heavily relies on rivers flowing through India for irrigation and hydropower, has not been informed about India’s recent actions. This lack of communication could further strain relations between the two countries, especially as Pakistan has threatened an “all-out war” if the Indus Waters Treaty is violated.
As tensions between India and Pakistan continue to escalate, the region’s water resources are becoming increasingly politicized. India’s decision to take unilateral action in managing its hydropower projects could have far-reaching implications for the water security of both countries.
